Hard Rain

Bob Dylan's iconic 1962 song "A Hard Rain's A-Gonna Fall" stands at the crossroads of musical and literary traditions. A visionary warning of impending apocalypse, it sets symbolist imagery within a structure that recalls a centuries-old form. Written at the height of the 1960s folk music revival amid the ferment of political activism, the song strongly resembles—and at the same time reimagines—a traditional European ballad sung from Scotland to Italy, known in the English-speaking world as "Lord Randal."
Alessandro Portelli explores the power and resonance of "A Hard Rain's A-Gonna Fall," considering the meanings of history and memory in folk cultures and in Dylan's work. He examines how the ballad tradition to which "Lord Randal" belongs shaped Dylan's song and how Dylan drew on oral culture to depict the fears and crises of his own era. Portelli recasts the song as an encounter between Dylan's despairing vision, which questions the meaning and direction of…